Pathology EMQ template.

Name: James Lurkins

Theme: Obesity and cardiovascular update

 

OPTION LIST

 

A	Atorvastatin	I	Eprotirome
B	Nicotinic acid	J	Anti-PCSK9 antibodies
C	HDL mimetic	K	Gemfibrozil
D	Ezetimibe	L	Apo-A1 mimetic
E	Lomitapibe	M
F	Anacetrapib	N
G	Colestyramine	O
H	Mipomersen	P

 

 

For each scenario below, choose the most appropriate answer from the list above. Each option may be used once, more than once or not at all.

 

1. A drug that lowers serum LDL cholesterol by inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine. Used in statin-intolerant patients or in combination with statins in those resistant to mono-therapy for dyslipidaemia.

 

 

2. Inhibits the breakdown of fats, decreasing the amount of free fatty acids available for the liver to secrete VLDL, leading to a reduction in LDL and increase in HDL. Also known as niacin or vitamin B3, insufficient dietary intake may lead to pellagra.

 

 

3. A competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. Side-effects include elevated transaminases and rhabdomyolysis.

 

 

4. An activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), leading to an increase in the synthesis of lipoprotein lipase, which leads to a significant reduction in triglyceride levels.

 

 

5. A bile acid sequestrant that binds bile to prevents it reabsorption in the GI tract. As a consequence more cholesterol is converted into bile acids to normalise bile acid levels, leading to reduction in serum cholesterol. Also used to the pruritis associated with liver failure.

 

 

ANSWERS

1. D

2. B

3. A

4. K

5. G