Pathology EMQ template.

Name: Abdul Halim, Siti Rahimah

Theme: Acid-Base Handling

OPTION LIST

A	Diabetic ketoacidosis	I	Respiratory alkalosis
B	Intestinal fistula	J
C	Metabolic acidosis	K
D	Metabolic alkalosis	L
E	Poor lung perfusion	M
F	Pyloric stenosis	N
G	Renal failure	O
H	Respiratory acidosis	P

For each scenario below, choose the most appropriate answer from the list above. Each option may be used once, more than once or not at all.

1. Causes an increased loss of HCO₃^-

2. Causes increased H⁺ production

3. Causes increased H⁺ loss

4. Can be compensated by increased renal excretion of H⁺

5. Can be compensated by hypoventilation

ANSWERS

1. B

2. A

3. F

4. C

5. D

Karim’s comment:

Be aware that compensation for a metabolic acidosis is with hyperventilation. Renal excretion (question 4) of acid is not really compensation, but just correcting the problem.

Also although hypoventilation would compensate for a metabolic alkalosis, that effect is minimised in humans by hypoxia.